1. Introduction 1 -- 2. Historical Overview, Part 1--From the Beginnings to World War II 13 -- Antecedents in Europe and Colonial America 14 -- The Emergence of the Research University 27 -- Control of Faculty Personnel Decisions--and Issues of Academic Freedom 34 -- World War I and the Interwar Years 45 -- 3. Historical Overview, Part 2--World War II to the Present 67 -- World War II and the Growth of Sponsored Research 68 -- The "Red Scare" and the Loyalty Oath Controversies 70 -- The Explosive Expansion of Higher Education, Leading to the "Golden Age" of the 1960s 77 -- Protests and Rebellions 87 -- Retrenchment in the 1970s--and Subsequent Ups and Downs 98 -- The Real Estate "Bubble" Breaks--and Fiscal/Political Realities Take Hold (or Do They?) 109 -- The Impact of Experiments with Online Learning 112 -- The Pathways Initiative at CUNY 127 -- 4. Faculty Roles Today and Tomorrow--Topical Issues 131 -- The Selection and Tenure of the President 133 -- The Faculty Appointment Process--Criteria and Decision-Making Authority 139 -- The Role of the Faculty in Giving Advice of All Kinds 142 -- The Role of Faculty in Staffing Decisions--and the Rise of Non-Tenure-Track Faculty (the New Majority) 151 -- Faculty Responsibility for Maintaining Academic Standards in Admissions, Curricular Content, and Student Performance 165 -- Control over New Teaching Methods--Online Learning 169 -- 5. Overarching Challenges 177 -- Confronting Trade-offs and the Need for Upfront Consideration of Costs 177 -- Aligning Roles and Responsibilities 182 -- Coping with an Ever-Changing Academic Landscape 189 -- Clarifying Notions of "Academic Freedom" 201 -- Rethinking "Shared Governance" 205 -- Case Studies 213 -- Introduction to the Case Studies 213 -- The University of California 217 -- Princeton University 261 -- Macalester College 291 -- The City University of New York 315 --